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November 2007, Vol. 8, No. 16, Pages 2799-2809 , DOI 10.1517/14656566.8.16.2799

Apomorphine therapy in Parkinson's disease: a review

Ihtsham Ul Haq1, Peter A Lewitt2 & Hubert H Fernandez3
1Research Fellow, Movement Disorders Program, University of Florida, Department of Neurology/McKnight Brain Institute, 100 S. Newell Drive, PO Box 100236, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0236, USA +1 352 273 5550; +1 352 273 5575;
2Professor of Neurology, Wayne State University, Clinical Neuroscience Center (P.A.L.) 26400 W. 12 Mile Rd, Suite 180 Southfield, MI 48034, USA
3Co Director, Movement Disorders Program, University of Florida, Department of Neurology/McKnight Brain Institute, 100 S. Newell Drive, PO Box 100236, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0236, USA +1 352 273 5550; +1 352 273 5575;
Author for correspondence



Motor fluctuations are common and distressing for patients with advanced Parkinson's disease. Subcutaneous apomorphine injections can be an extremely valuable adjunctive therapy. In this review, the authors discuss the history, pharmacology, efficacy, safety and proper administration of apomorphine for treating ‘off’ states in Parkinson's disease, with a focus on intermittent subcutaneous administration.

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Forward Links to Citing Articles

Antonio Di Stefano, Piera Sozio, Antonio Iannitelli, Laura Serafina Cerasa. (2009) New drug delivery strategies for improved Parkinson's disease therapy. Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery 6:4, 389-404
Online publication date: 1-Apr-2009.
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Authors:
Ihtsham Ul Haq
Peter A Lewitt
Hubert H Fernandez
Keywords:
apomorphine
motor fluctuation
Parkinson's disease